When hollow viscus injuries fail conservative management, surgical intervention is needed. First described in 1962, it includes a constellation of injuries such as lumbar spine fractures (L2-L4), abdominal wall bruising, and intra-abdominal injuries to solid and hollow organs with colonic injuries comprising 0.5% of identified injuries. Despite these protective qualities, seat belts have introduced a set of injuries called seat belt syndrome. Seatbelts, specifically three-point seatbelt systems that cover both chest and lap, have reduced mortality by 45% and the risk of serious injury by 50%. In 2020, there were five million reported car crashes in the United States. Most blunt injuries are due to falls and motor vehicle accidents. Of these cases, 7.5 million visits are due to trauma. Thirty million children under 18 years of age visit the emergency department annually.
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